Young Tusko
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) at
Oklahoma City Zoo in United States

Biography
dead elephant ☨ ♂ Young Tusko  dead elephant
From Medical Tribune, September 3, 1962
From Medical Tribune, September 3, 1962

Identification

SSP nr620

Description

Species:Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)
Sex and age:Male ♂ 14 years old
Origin
Born:* 1948 wild
Birth place:
Death
Dead: 1962-08-03
Death reason: killed: overdosis of LSD
Locations - owners
Present / last location:Oklahoma City Zoo, in United States

Date of arrival

1961-00-00Oklahoma City Zoo
from Atterbury Brothers Circus

1961-00-00Atterbury Brothers Circus
from Cristiani Brothers Circus

1958-00-00Cristiani Brothers Circus
from Diano Brothers Circus

1953-00-00Diano Brothers Circus
from Bronx Zoo

Record history
History of updates2020-12-04

Latest document update2020-10-18 06:25:24
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† Young Tusko is a dead Male ♂ Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), , who died 1962-08-03 at Oklahoma City Zoo, in United States, . Official death reason described as overdosis of LSD.

Origin

Young Tusko was born wild 1948.


Comments / pictures

Records about Young Tusko from Bob Cline

YOUNG TUSKO 1952 - Bronx Zoo
Male Asian 1953 - Diano Bros. Circus
1954 to 1957 - Tony Diano Exhibits
1958 - Tony Diano owns on Cristiani Bros. Circus
1959 to 1960 - Tony Diano
1961 - sold to Bob Atterbury
1961 - sold to Oklahoma Zoo
Died - 1962 at the Zoo due to drug overdose

Bob Cline, author of the book "Americas elephants".


Mystified by the new wonder drug LSD, the psychiatrist Louis Jolyon West and his colleague at the University of Oklahoma, Chester M Pierce, were looking for a new way to investigate the drug in 1962. The proposed point of the experiment was to determine whether an injection of LSD would induce "musth," a mysterious pachydermian state where elephants become violent which lasts about 2 weeks. Elephants have been known to kill their handlers when in "musth."

As previous Research had suggested that high doses to LSD were needed to get perceivable effects in "lower animals," they decided to start with a 0.1 mg/kg dose of LSD for Tusko. That came to about 297 milligrams (in 5 mL of water, injected intramuscularly) of LSD for 7000 pound Tusko. The injection was delivered via a pressurized CO2 dart gun. For comparison, the threshold dosage for an effect in people is around 20-30 micrograms and a recreational 3+ hour dose would be around 100-200 micrograms.

"Tusko began trumpeting and rushing around the pen, a reaction not unlike the one he had shown the day before (during the placebo shot). However, this time his restlessness appeared to increase for 3 minutes after the injection; then he stopped running and showed signs of marked incoordination. His mate (Judy, a 15-year-old female) approached him and appeared to attempt to support him. He began to sway, his hindquarters buckled, and it became increasingly difficult for him to maintain himself upright. Five minutes after the injection he trumpeted, collapsed, fell heavily on his right side, defecated, and went into status epilepticus."West, LJ, Pierce, CM, Thomas, WD (1962) Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Its effect on a Male Asiatic Elephant. Science, 138, 1100-1102

West and Pierce's conclusion, a staggering feat of positive thought, sums up an era's belief in the infallibility of science: "It appears that the elephant is highly sensitive to the effects of LSD - a finding which may prove to be valuable in elephant-control work in Africa."
Reference list

References

Koehl, Dan, (2024). Young Tusko, Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) located at Oklahoma City Zoo in United States. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 25 April 2024 at https://www.elephant.se/database2.php?elephant_id=2962. (archived at the Wayback machine)


Sources used for this article is among others:

  • Bob Cline, Cheraw, South Carolina, United States. Autor of the book Americas elephants
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Categories1962 deaths | 1948 births | Elephants from Oklahoma City Zoo | United States | Asian elephants


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