Proboscidea

(pro'be sid'ee ah): from Greek proboskis:, a nose or proboscis; and idea: appearance. The mammal order Proboscidea was described by C. Illigeer in 1881 and was named according to its most noteworthy characteristic, the trunk (Latin proboscis), although the earliest proboscideans lacked trunks.

(Proboscidea is also a group of plants, see reference)

This mammal order belonging to the Tethytherians evolved in Africa during the Eocene, abt 60 million years ago. The order includes over 300 species (some taxonomist count with 129) and is the highway for the evolution of the elephants.

The oldest proboscidean is Anthracobune, from early or early-middle Eocene (˜50 million years ago), was found in africa and asia, in shore or semi-aquatus shallow environments, but Proboscideans inhabited a wide range (North America, Asia, Europe, and Africa) (Kalb, Froehlich, and Bell, 1996).

Anthracobune developed into Moeritherium, Numidotherium and Barytherium, all three resembled tapirs and lived in african swamps. They had second incisors enlarged into short tusks, in upper and lower jaws

Evolution Timetable

Era	Genera
Holocene	Loxodonta, Elephas, Mammut
Pleistocene	Mammuthus, Palaeoloxodon, Archidiskodon, Stegodon, Gomphotherium, Mammut, Notiomastodon, Cuvieronius, Stegomastodon , Trilophodon
Pliocene	Deinotherium, Tetralophodon, Pentalophodon, Stegodon, Gomphotherium, Primelephas , Trilophodon
Miocene	Deinotherium, Gomphotherium, , Trilophodon , Zygolophodon
Oligocene	Palaeomastodon, Gomphotherium
Eocene	Moeritherium, Barytherium, Phosphatherium
Paleocene	Phosphatherium

Taxonomy:

• Mammalia - (class)
  • Theria - (subclass)
    • Eutheria - (metaclass placentals)
      • Tethytheria - (Proboscideans and sirensians)
        • Proboscidea - (order)
          • Numidotheriidae - (family)
          
          
          • Moeritheriidae - (family)
          
          
          • Barytheriidae - (family)
          
          
          • Deinotheriidae - (family)
          • Mammutidae (mastodons) - (family)
          • Gomphotheriidae - (family)
          • Stegodontidae - (family)
          • Elephantidae (family)
            (Elephants and mammoths)-

 

  Taxonomy How it started Tethytheria Proboscidea Moeritherium Palaeomastodon Phiomia Gomphoterium Mammoths Mastodons Trilophodon Stegodon Family elephants African bush African forest Asian (Indian) Crossbreed   Care Introduction Drinking Skincare Footcare   Medical Anatomy intro Lungs Dentition Diseases Anthrax Herpes virus Salmonella Elephant pox Rabies Footcare   Breeding Introduction Europe America Asia Insemination Studbook Breeding males Breeding females elephants born 1880 elephants born 1882 elephants born 1902 elephants born 1905 elephants born 1906 elephants born 1907 elephants born 1910 elephants born 1911 elephants born 1912 elephants born 1914 elephants born 1916 elephants born 1917 elephants born 1918 elephants born 1928 elephants born 1929 elephants born 1930 elephants born 1932 elephants born 1933 elephants born 1934 elephants born 1935 elephants born 1936 elephants born 1937 elephants born 1938 elephants born 1939 elephants born 1941 elephants born 1942 elephants born 1943 elephants born 1944 elephants born 1945 elephants born 1948 elephants born 1950 elephants born 1951 elephants born 1952 elephants born 1953 elephants born 1954 elephants born 1955 elephants born 1956 elephants born 1957 elephants born 1958 elephants born 1959 elephants born 1960 elephants born 1961 elephants born 1962 elephants born 1963 elephants born 1964 elephants born 1965 elephants born 1966 elephants born 1967 elephants born 1968 elephants born 1969 elephants born 1970 elephants born 1971 elephants born 1972 elephants born 1973 elephants born 1974 elephants born 1975 elephants born 1977 elephants born 1977 elephants born 1978 elephants born 1979 elephants born 1980 elephants born 1981 elephants born 1982 elephants born 1983 elephants born 1984 elephants born 1985 elephants born 1986 elephants born 1987 elephants born 1988 elephants born 1989 elephants born 1990 elephants born 1991 elephants born 1992 elephants born 1993 elephants born 1994 elephants born 1995 elephants born 1996 elephants born 1997 elephants born 1998 elephants born 1999 elephants born 2000 elephants born 2001 elephants born 2002 elephants born 2003 elephants born 2004 elephants born 2005 elephants born 2006 elephants born 2007 elephants born 2008 elephants born 2009 elephants born 2010 elephants born 2011 elephants born 2012 elephants born 2013   Elephant database Intro statistics Latest changes African bush African forest Asian elephants All bulls All cows All captive born elephants born 1880 elephants born 1882 elephants born 1902 elephants born 1905 elephants born 1906 elephants born 1907 elephants born 1910 elephants born 1911 elephants born 1912 elephants born 1914 elephants born 1916 elephants born 1917 elephants born 1918 elephants born 1928 elephants born 1929 elephants born 1930 elephants born 1932 elephants born 1933 elephants born 1934 elephants born 1935 elephants born 1936 elephants born 1937 elephants born 1938 elephants born 1939 elephants born 1941 elephants born 1942 elephants born 1943 elephants born 1944 elephants born 1945 elephants born 1948 elephants born 1950 elephants born 1951 elephants born 1952 elephants born 1953 elephants born 1954 elephants born 1955 elephants born 1956 elephants born 1957 elephants born 1958 elephants born 1959 elephants born 1960 elephants born 1961 elephants born 1962 elephants born 1963 elephants born 1964 elephants born 1965 elephants born 1966 elephants born 1967 elephants born 1968 elephants born 1969 elephants born 1970 elephants born 1971 elephants born 1972 elephants born 1973 elephants born 1974 elephants born 1975 elephants born 1977 elephants born 1977 elephants born 1978 elephants born 1979 elephants born 1980 elephants born 1981 elephants born 1982 elephants born 1983 elephants born 1984 elephants born 1985 elephants born 1986 elephants born 1987 elephants born 1988 elephants born 1989 elephants born 1990 elephants born 1991 elephants born 1992 elephants born 1993 elephants born 1994 elephants born 1995 elephants born 1996 elephants born 1997 elephants born 1998 elephants born 1999 elephants born 2000 elephants born 2001 elephants born 2002 elephants born 2003 elephants born 2004 elephants born 2005 elephants born 2006 elephants born 2007 elephants born 2008 elephants born 2009 elephants born 2010 elephants born 2011 elephants born 2012 elephants born 2013   People Prehistoric E-H conflict Keepers Trainers Researchers Poloplayers Organizations   Network Elephant News Consultance EEKMA Aumpage
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