Human-Elephant-Conflict


Definition of Human-Elephant-Conflict

From the elephant glossary Section: ecology



2021-01-18: On Monday (18) locals from Walsapugala, Hambantota decided to take to the streets demanding the Proposed Wild Elephant Management Reserve in Hambantota, be included in the government gazette.
2021-01-18: On Monday (18) locals from Walsapugala, Hambantota decided to take to the streets demanding the Proposed Wild Elephant Management Reserve in Hambantota, be included in the government gazette.


Relevant Literature about Human-Elephant-Conflict
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Records about Human-Elephant-Conflict from the Gajah Glossary at https://www.asesg.org/PDFfiles/Gajah/23-01-Glossary.pdf Human-Elephant-Conflict [H.E.C.] [see also: problem Elephant Control] Situations where elephants and humans come into conflict, e.g. crop-raiding, attacking livestock or humans.

M. Philip Kahl and Charles Santiapillai, Gajah Elephant Glossary, Gajah nr 23 (2004), Journal for Asian Elephant Specialist Group


Some observers have blamed colonialism for conflicts between wildlife and local people, since a lot of elephants was shot, and vast land developed for farming during late 18 and early 19 century, while others believe the human-elephant conflict is as old as agriculture itself in Africa. Today, the coonflicts occur mainly due to human overpopulation in subagricultural areas.

Some elephants, especially bulls, are crop-raiding fields, mostly in night time. In one night they can destroy an annual harvest for the farmers, which in most cases is a personal tragedy for the whole family.

The classical method to prevent crop raiding is to guard the fields, shoot the elephants and use electrical fencing, but its not alwys working, and when there is human elephant interaction, thers always victims, may it be the elephants or the humans.

Home to ca 60 percent of Asias elephants, India has the highest death rate from human-elephant conflict, with 200-250 people and 100 elephants killed annually. Habitat fragmentation, Poaching of tusked males, and patchy forest law enforcement are problems, but numbers are rebounding.

Every year people and elephants get killed in this conflict:
  • 1997, Sri Lanka: human-elephant conflict claimed the lives of 40 villagers, while an estimated 130 elephants were killed outside their jungle habitat.
  • 2020, Sri Lanka: has earned the dubious ranking as the country where the largest number of Elephants are killed because of the Human-Elephant conflict, and is also ranked number two globally where humans have died in conflict with wild Elephants. In the past 12 months the number of elephants killed in conflict with humans was 407 as against the previous annual average of 272. The number of people killed also increased from an average of 85 humans to 122 per year
  • 2020, India: 2020: According to data shared with the Lok Sabha on September 23, close to 2,300 people were killed by elephants in the past five years until 2019, which was 10 times the number killed by tigers. Also, 400 elephants were killed by poachers or through poisoning by local residents. The Lok Sabha reply revealed that at least 433 people have been killed across West Bengal between April 2014 and September 2019. In Odisha, Jharkhand and Chhattishgarh, the death toll was 447, 391 and 329, respectively, during the period.
  • 2021-08-12, Sri Lanka: The Department of Wildlife Conservation has recorded 219 jumbo deaths up to August 11 this year mainly from human-elephant conflict. During the same period, 89 people were killed in elephant attacks. A Senior Department official told The Island that 160 elephant deaths and 56 human deaths had been recorded during the same period in 2020. This is a 30% increase when compared with the 2005–2010 period. It is the highest annual death rate of elephants in the world.


Reference list Koehl, Dan, (2024). Human-Elephant-Conflict. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=105. (archived at the Wayback machine)

Sources used for this article is among others:


Selected publications
  • Gopi Krishna Joshi, Bhuwan Singh Bist, and Prashant Ghimire; Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC), 2017
  • Kudzai Kusena; Land Cover Change and its effect on human-elephant conflicts, 2011
  • Asaye Nigussie, Hayatudin Jemal, Yermed Demeke; Participatory Spatial Modeling for Human Elephant Conflict Management, 2019
  • Julie Makomere, Noah Sitati; Mitigating Human-Elephant Conflict: Local People's Perspective: Local community's perspective about project implementation, 2012
  • Singh, Anil; People and Pachyderms: An Ecologial Investigation of human-elephant Conflicts in South West Bengal, India, 2010
  • Balasundaram Ramakrishnan and Rengasamy Saravanamuthu; Conservation and Management of Elephant Corridors: Ecology, Human-Elephant Conflict, Capacity Building, 2012
  • Victor Chik Fosah; Assessment of Elephant Presence and Habitat-use: habitat-use, corridor-use, human-elephant conflicts, 2012

Links about Human-Elephant-Conflict

Selected external links for this article about Human-Elephant-Conflict:

Human-Elephant-Conflict mentioned on our sister website www.elephant-news.com

2021-10-06Copa presents its second report containing information on 16 investigations to parliament - Elephant News
Human-elephant conflict continues to take heavy toll; 219 jumbos and 89 people so far this year - Elephant News
2021-01-19Horowpothana holding ground report: search for missing elephants in july - Elephant News
2021-01-18Walsapugala protest demands elephant reserve gazette - Elephant News
2021-01-05For sumatran elephant conservation, involvement of local people is key - Elephant News
2020-12-10Sri lanka ranks as the country which killed the largest number of elephants in the world – copa - Elephant News

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Categories glossary | ecology


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