Stillbirth


Definition of Stillbirth

From the elephant glossary Section: reproduction


Relevant Literature about Stillbirth
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Stillbirth is typically defined as the death of a fetus or baby during Pregnancy, and results in a baby born without signs of life. The term is in contrast to miscarriage, which is an early Pregnancy loss.

Stillbirth is the loss of a calf shortly before Parturition or during Parturition and is thus defined as the birth of a lifeless fetus. Stillbirth rates are significantly higher for Primiparous elephants. Chances of stillbirth decrease for the second calf and increase again with maternal age for subsequent calves, especially after age 35 (Mar et al. 2012).

Stillbirth is often correlated with Dystocia (Hartley and Stanley 2016) but can also have an infectious component. For example, the cowpox virus (Poxviridae) has been reported to cause stillbirth in elephants (Wisser et al. 2001).
Elephant Gestation: Insights Into Idiopathic Abortions and Stillbirth (see links and publications below)

154 Deceased elephants due to Stillbirth.

NameSpecies
Sex		OriginAgeBirthDeath dateDeath reasonParentsArrival
Death location
+ -stillborn-EM
unknown		captive-born02025-12-182025-12-18stillborn
Gung x Anjalee2025-12-18
Taronga Dubbo Western Plains Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02024-12-102024-12-10stillborn
 x Rozie (Rozana)2024-12-10
ABQ BioPark
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02023-06-242023-06-24stillborn
Tooth x Sabie2023-06-24
Wuppertal Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
unknown		captive-born02023-04-002023-04-00stillborn
 x Suvarna2023-04-00
Bannerghatta Biological Park Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02020-07-162020-07-16stillborn
premature		Mekong x Ma Ya Yee2020-07-16
Emmen Zoo
+ -stillborn?-LA
M		captive-born02020-02-122020-02-12?stillborn
assumed stillbirth?		Jara x Coco2020-02-12
Howletts Wild Animal Park
+ -Thong Nang (stillborn)-EM
M		captive-born02019-12-012019-12-01stillborn
Thong Rang x Bak Kham2019-12-01
Yo Nie
+ -stillborn-EM
unknown		captive-born02019-00-002019-00-00stillborn
died during delivery		 x Khram Ohn2019-00-00
Laos Elephant Conservation Centre (ECC)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02018?2018?stillborn
 x Nong Yui
Surin Province unspecified Elephant Camp
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born02018-07-072018-07-07stillborn
Abu x Bibi2018-07-07
Hodenhagen Serengeti-Park
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02018-07-012018-07-01stillborn
 x Zola2018-07-01
Zlin Lesna-Got Zoo
+ -Y Bak No (stillborn)-EM
M		captive-born02017-10-082017-10-08stillborn
Suffocated in the vulva due to the very long birth proces.		 x Bun Nang2017-10-08
Y Sor Hra
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02016-04-192016-04-19stillborn
Niko x Goni (Beule)2016-03-00
Amneville Zoo Coulange
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02015-09-042015-09-04stillborn
Chieng Mai x Surin2015-09-04
Copenhagen Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02015-08-012015-08-01stillborn
 x Hilda2015-08-01
Cabarceno Zoo Obregon
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02015-062015-06stillborn
 x Boun Nam2015-06-00
Laos Elephant Conservation Centre (ECC)
+ -stillbirth-EM
unknown		captive-born02015-01-292015-01-29stillborn
premature		 x Sudarshini2015-01-29
Bandhavgarh elephant camp
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02015-01-072015-01-07stillborn
Alexander x Corny2015-01-07
Munster Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02013-08-262013-08-26stillborn
heart problems		Chieng Mai x Surin2013-08-26
Copenhagen Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02013-03-092013-03-09stillborn
 x Nandi2013-03-09
Knysna Elephant Park
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02013-03-052013-02-26stillborn
calf died in utero 1 week before caesarean section		Po Chin x Annie2013-03-05
Pairi Daiza (Parc Paradisio)
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02012-05-062012-05-06stillborn
Pirinolo x Maggy (Maggi)2012-05-06
Zoológico Matecaña
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02012-04-202012-04-20stillborn
Naing Thein x Indra (Salvana)2012-04-20
Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02012-03-252012-03-25stillborn
EEHV, Elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus?		Raja x Tara2012-03-25
Twycross Zoo
+ -stillborn fetus still in utero-EM
captive-born?2012stillborn
Chang x Nina
Dompierre Le Pal Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born020122012stillborn
salmonella		Tusker x Sweni2012-00-00
Wuppertal Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born02011-10-232011-10-23stillborn
 x Star (Timba)2011-10-23
Montgomery Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02011-10-082011-10-08stillborn
Tembo x Zola2011-10-08
Colchester Zoo
+ -twin (stillborn)-LA
M		captive-born02011-01-252011-01-25stillborn
Jums x Masa2011-01-25
Howletts Wild Animal Park
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02010?2010?stillborn
 x
Knysna Elephant Park
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02010-11-012010-11-01stillborn
Chang x Nina2010-11-01
Dompierre Le Pal Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02010-02-242010-02-24stillborn
Jack x Opal2010-02-24
Colchester Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02009?2009?stillborn
Dana x Shanty (Shanti)
Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical Park
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02009-08-262009-08-26stillborn
Ankhor x Nova2009-08-26
Tierpark Berlin
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02009-08-002009-08-00stillborn
 x Prathida2009-08-00
Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC)
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02009-07-282009-07-28stillborn
Teddy (Villi, Vermouth, Nat) x Sunisa (Avigail, Abigail)2009-07-28
Jerusalem Zoo (Tisch family zoological gardens)
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02009-07-242009-07-24stillborn
mother was underage, apossible reason for stillbirth		 x Laxmi 2009-07-24
Botezari elephant camp
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02009-06-132009-06-13stillborn
 x Phootan2009-06-13
Ayutthaya Royal Elephant Kraal
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02009-02-112009-02-11stillborn
assumed stillborn?		Alexander x Irma2009-02-11
Rotterdam Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born?2009stillborn
 x Ya Bich2009-00-00
Buon Don Eco Tourism Company
+ -stillborn-LA
unknown		wild02008-12-002008-12-00stillborn
 x Puff2008-12-00
Amboseli National Park
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02008-07-192008-07-19stillborn
 x 2008-07-19
Ayutthaya Royal Elephant Kraal
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02008-03-192008-03-19stillborn
 x Jintara2008-03-19
Ayutthaya Royal Elephant Kraal
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02008-03-112008-03-11stillborn
Bindu x Shu Thu Zar2008-03-11
Cologne Zoo (Köln Zoo)
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02008-03-012008-03-01stillborn
still in uterus		Tembo x Zola2008-03-01
Colchester Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
unknown		captive-born02008-01-222008-01-22stillborn
Casey x Babe (Assam)2008-01-22
Fort Worth Zoo
+ -Toansai-EM
M		captive-born?2008stillborn
 x Noi2008-00-00
FAE Elephant Hospital
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02007?2007?stillborn
Ashok x Roopa
Kankaria Kamla Nehru Zoo
+ -unborn-EM
F		captive-born02007-12-282007-12-28stillborn
died in utero		Alexander x Irma2007-12-28
Rotterdam Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02007-10-072007-10-07stillborn
Gajendra x Panang2007-10-07
Munich Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02007-07-232007-07-23stillborn
Kruger x Tana (Tots)2007-07-23
Knowsley Safari Park
+ -stillborn-LA
wild020072007stillborn
 x Renata2007-00-00
Amboseli National Park
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02006-09-142006-09-14stillborn
 x Komali (Komalee)2006-09-14
Pinnawala elephant orphanage
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02006-06-082006-06-08stillborn
Indy (Butch) x Romani2006-06-08
Syracuse Zoo (Rosamond Gifford Zoo)
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02006-03-302006-03-30stillborn
Calimero x Carla2006-03-30
Beekse Bergen Safaripark
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born02006-02-102006-02-10stillborn
caesarean section		 x Genny C (Timba)2006-02-25
Seneca Park Zoo
+ -stillborn fetus still in utero-EM
F		captive-born02005-11-192005-11-19stillborn
dead fetus still in utero		Raja x Sri2005-11-19
St Louis Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02005-07-122005-07-12stillborn
Luka x Tin Tin Htoo2005-07-12
Port Lympne Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02005-04-052005-04-05stillborn
Tembo x Zola2005-04-05
Colchester Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02005-022005-02stillborn
Dead featus still in utero		Charlie x Emma (Wally)2005-02-00
Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02005-01-252005-01-25stillborn
Gajendra x Panang2005-01-25
Munich Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02004-07-012004-07-01stillborn
Emmett (Tundi) x Delhi2004-07-01
Usti nad Labem Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02004-03-222004-04-22stillborn
 Neelagiri x Nikini II2004-03-22
Pinnawala elephant orphanage
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02004-03-052004-03-05stillborn
Chang x Thi Ha Way2004-03-05
Chester Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02004-00-002004-00-00stillborn
Tong Kham x Gom Phoy2004-00-00
Angkor Elephants Company
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02003-12-102003-12-10stillborn
Tembo x Zola2003-12-10
Colchester Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02003-08-302003-08-30stillborn
Cochalat x Nampet2003-08-30
Ayutthaya Royal Elephant Kraal
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02003-06-222003-06-22stillborn
Hussein x Lai Sinh2003-06-22
Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen)
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02003-05-142003-05-14stillborn
Elephant TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)? Calf died in utero prior to caesarean section		Brahma x Sandai2003-05-14
Kolmarden Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born02003-11-242003-04-07stillborn
Bulwagi x Robin2003-11-24
Disneys Animal Kingdom
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02003-03-302003-03-30stillborn
Dana x Shanty (Shanti)2003-03-30
Toyohashi Zoo and Botanical Park
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02003-03-212003-03-21stillborn
Bulwagi x Misha2003-03-21
Six Flags Discovery Kingdom (Six Flags Marine World)
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born02002-09-282002-09-28stillborn
Solomon x Tika2002-09-28
Six Flags Discovery Kingdom (Six Flags Marine World)
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02002-08-172002-08-17stillborn
Ngathong x Jumpee2002-08-17
Ayutthaya Royal Elephant Kraal
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born02002-07-272002-07-27stillborn
Bulwagi x Rafiki2002-07-27
Toledo Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02002-07-012002-07-01stillborn
Emmett (Tundi) x Anna2002-07-01
Whipsnade Wild Animal Park
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02002-03-142002-03-14stillborn
Groucho x Babe (Assam)2002-03-14
Fort Worth Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born02002-02-022002-02-02stillborn
Emmett (Tundi) x Lucha (Khaing Hwia See)2002-02-02
Whipsnade Wild Animal Park
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02002-01-112002-01-11stillborn
Mac x Zuzanna2002-01-11
Kobe Oiji Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born02001-09-192001-09-19stillborn
Casey x Lady2001-09-19
Kansas City Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born02001-07-062001-07-06stillborn
Taro x Hanako2001-07-06
Morioka Zoological Park
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born02001-05-182001-05-18stillborn
Chinto x Homaline2001-05-18
La Palmyre Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born02001-05-062001-05-06stillborn
Indy (Butch) x Targa2001-05-06
Syracuse Zoo (Rosamond Gifford Zoo)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born020002000stillborn
 x Laxmi Kali2000-00-00
Sauraha elephant breeding centre
+ -Unnamed-LA
F		captive-born01999-09-181999-09-18stillborn
premature birth		Smokey x Donna1999-09-18
Oakland Zoo (Knowland Park)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01999-04-111999-04-11stillborn
 x Champakali1999-04-11
Lucknow Zoo
+ -none-EM
F		captive-born01999-031999-03stillborn
breach position		Buke x Delrita1999-03-00
Endangered Ark Foundation
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01999-02-151999-02-15stillborn
Coco (Sultan) x Connie1999-02-15
Columbus Zoo and Aquarium
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born019991999stillborn
 x Malaika1999-00-00
DSWT Voi
+ -Stillborn-EM
captive-born019991999stillborn
 x Bhawani Kali1999-00-00
Sauraha elephant breeding centre
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01998-11-061998-11-06stillborn
calf died in utero 2 weeks before caesarean section		Sneezy x Ruby1998-11-06
Phoenix Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01998-07-311998-07-31stillborn
Ankhor x Louise1998-07-31
Tierpark Berlin
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01998-04-251998-04-25stillborn
Chang x Jangolie1998-04-25
Chester Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born01998-04-221998-04-22stillborn
Jack (Jackson) x Savannah (Nan)1998-04-22
Pittsburgh Zoo & PPG Aquarium
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01997-09-061997-09-06stillborn
Onyx (Big Mac) x Vickie (Vicky, Vates)1997-09-06
Dickerson Park Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01997-04-261997-04-26stillborn
premature		Kiba x Kimba1997-04-26
Houston Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born019971997stillborn
 x Pawan Kali1997-00-00
Bardia hattisar
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01996-10-171996-10-17stillborn
Hussein x Shandra1996-10-17
Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen)
+ -stillborn-LA
01996-09-171996-09-17stillborn
Joca x Beré1996-09-17
Belo Horizonte Zoobotanica
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
M		captive-born01996-07-011996-07-01stillborn
Siam x Dumbo1996-07-01
Antwerp Zoo
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
M		captive-born01996-06-231996-06-23stillborn
Groucho x Babe (Assam)1996-06-23
Fort Worth Zoo
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
M		captive-born01996-06-231996-06-23stillborn
Groucho x Babe (Assam)1996-06-23
Fort Worth Zoo
+ -unborn-EM
M		captive-born01996-05-221996-05-22stillborn
died in utero		Dahlip x Seetna1996-05-22
Two Tails Ranch
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01996-03-291996-03-29stillborn
Assam x Pugli1996-03-29
Port Lympne Zoo
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
F		captive-born01996-03-171996-03-17stillborn
Siam x Dumbo1996-03-17
Antwerp Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01996-01-091996-01-09stillborn
Hussein x Benga1996-01-09
Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born019961996-00-00stillborn
Buke x Kelly1996-00-00
Carson & Barnes Circus
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born01995-07-281995-07-28stillborn
Thai (Thailand) x Indu1995-07-28
Houston Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born01993-07-271993-07-27stillborn
Thai (Thailand) x Indu1993-07-27
Houston Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01993-06-211993-06-21stillborn
Bindu x Davida (Veda)1993-06-21
Port Lympne Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01993-03-041993-03-04stillborn
Ramon x Raja1993-03-04
Rotterdam Zoo
+ -Stillborn-EM
captive-born019931993stillborn
 x Komal Kali1993-00-00
Sauraha elephant breeding centre
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01992-09-071992-09-07stillborn
Onyx (Big Mac) x Tuffy (Kathy)1992-09-07
Dickerson Park Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
F		captive-born01992-03-201992-03-20stillborn
Kenny x Malayka (Malajka)1992-03-20
Basel Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01991-10-251991-10-25stillborn
Thai (Thailand) x Indu1991-10-25
Houston Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01991-09-271991-09-27stillborn
Ranchipur x Mary1991-09-27
San Diego Zoo Safari Park
+ -stillborn-LA
unknown		wild01990-11-081990-11-08stillborn
 x Astrid1990-11-08
Amboseli National Park
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
F		captive-born01990-07-221990-07-22stillborn
Bindu x Yasmin (Yasmine)1990-07-22
Port Lympne Zoo
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
F		captive-born01990-06-241990-06-24stillborn
Bindu x Yasmin (Yasmine)1990-06-24
Port Lympne Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01990-05-121990-05-12stillborn
calf died in utero prior to caesarean section		Indy (Butch) x Babe1990-05-12
Syracuse Zoo (Rosamond Gifford Zoo)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01989-11-201989-11-20stillborn
removed via Caesarean section leading to mothers death, due to Peritonitis		Ranchipur x Jean1989-11-20
San Diego Zoo Safari Park
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01989-081989-08stillborn
Vance (Matt) x Birka1989-08-00
Roman Schmitt Busch Garden
+ -stillborn-EM
M		wild01989-07-211989-07-21stillborn
Vance (Matt) x Rosy (Rosie)1989-07-21
Busch Gardens Tampa Bay (Busch Gardens Africa)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01989-07-121989-07-12stillborn
Ranchipur x Mary1989-07-12
San Diego Zoo Safari Park
+ -stillborn-EM
unknown		wild019891989stillborn
 x Selvi1989-00-00
Theppakadu Mudumalai Forest Camp (MFC)
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born019881988stillborn
Tami x Pocha1988-00-00
Mendoza Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01987-12-081987-12-08stillborn
Bindu x Rani1987-12-08
Port Lympne Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born01986-08-021986-08-02stillborn
Jumbo x Dolly1986-08-02
Johannesburg Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01986-05-221986-05-22stillborn
Veterinarians gave the mother Oxytozin 		Maxi x Chhukha (Chukkh)1986-05-22
Zurich Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
unknown		captive-born019861986stillborn
 x Selvi
Theppakadu Mudumalai Forest Camp (MFC)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01985-02-181985-02-18stillborn
emergency caesarean section was done. The dead baby was pulled out with ropes		Siporex x Jenny1985-02-18
Hannover Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01984-12-181984-12-18stillborn
Thai (Thailand) x Indu1984-12-18
Houston Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born01983-05-231983-05-23stillborn
Joca x Beré1983-05-23
Belo Horizonte Zoobotanica
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01983-03-241983-03-24stillborn
Frederik x Medu1983-03-24
Givskud Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
captive-born01981-10-171981-10-17stillborn
Macho (Tantar) x Juju1981-10-17
Gladys Porter Zoo
+ -stillborn-LA
M		captive-born019801980stillborn
Congo x Cita1980-00-00
Lion Country Safari, Inc - Laguna Hills
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01978-02-011978-02-01stillborn
Buke x Zola1978-02-01
Carson & Barnes Circus
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01972-08-131972-08-13stillborn
Siam x Saram1972-08-13
Paris Zoo Vincennes
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01972-07-191972-07-19stillborn
Dubas x Palma1972-07-19
Almaty Zoo (Alma-Ata Zoo)
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born01972-06-171972-06-17stillborn
mother was euthanised after 8 months pregnancy		Siam x Chiquita1972-06-17
Circus Universal Renz
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born01970-00-001970-00-00stillborn
Caesarean section		 x unknown1970-00-00
Mysore Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
unknown		captive-born01965-05-061965-05-06stillborn
Som x Merry1965-05-06
Takarazuka Zoo and Family Land
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01964-06-071964-06-07stillborn
Moti (Mohti) x Sabu1964-06-07
Hannover Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
M		captive-born01962-12-291962-12-29stillborn
Sativan x Savitri1962-12-29
Sofia Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01953-09-111953-09-11stillborn
Romeo II x Giulietta II (Giulie)1953-09-11
Rome Zoo
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
F		captive-born01951-08-101951-08-10stillborn
August x Rani1951-08-10
Munich Zoo
+ -stillborn (twin)-EM
F		captive-born01951-07-281951-07-28stillborn
August x Rani1951-07-28
Munich Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born01941?1941?stillborn
Shango x Nelly1941-00-00
Volgograd Zoo (Stalingrad Zoo)
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born019381938stillborn
Piccolo x Mary1938-00-00
Circus Amar
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01935-06-271935-06-27stillborn
Boy x Suma1935-06-27
Munich Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01935-06-241935-06-24stillborn
Boy x Lelaba (Lelabati)1935-06-24
Munich Zoo
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01917-06-201917-06-20stillborn
Snyder x Mama Mary (Mom)1917-06-20
Sells-Floto Circus
+ -stillborn-EM
captive-born01903-09-191903-09-19stillborn
 x Nu Nyun1903-09-19
Burma Forest Department
+ -stillborn-EM
F		captive-born01902-08-311902-08-31stillborn
Palm x Jenny1902-08-31
London Zoo




Stillbirth is mentioned on 1 other pagesPrimiparous,  

Stillbirth is mentioned on 1 location pagesHannover Zoo,  

Stillbirth is mentioned on 19 elephant record pagesAbigail,  August,  Bun Nang,  Donna,  Gajendra,  Jamuna Toni,  Jean,  killed,  Mary,  Nadirah,  noname,  Panang,  Rani,  stillborn,  stillborn,  stillborn,  stillborn,  stillborn,  Y Bak No (stillborn),  


Reference list Koehl, Dan, (2026). Stillbirth. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=304. (archived at the Wayback machine)

Selected publications
  • Elephant Gestation: Insights Into Idiopathic Abortions and Stillbirth, by Tim E. R. G. Huijsmans, Ann Van Soom, Katrien Smits, Jella Wauters, David Hagan, Thomas B. Hildebrandt, online at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.21867

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