Tusks

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Definition of Tusks

From the elephant glossary Section: elephant anatomy

Famous tusker Plai Thongbai, with owner Lun Salangam, Ban Ta Klang, Surin, Thailand.

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Tusks are elephants incisive Teeth. There is a pulp inside, and thy have "open roots" why the tusks continue to grow throughout their lifetime, even if they get shortened.

About half the tusk is visible, the rest of the unexposed tusk goes inside the cranium, why poachers always kills the elephants so they can remove all the Ivory.

Asian female elephants may have Tushes, or no tusks at all.

Asian male elephants may also be Tuskless, or have smaller Tushes, in India they are referred to as Makhna, and in Thailand Sidor or Sedor.

Due to Poaching during the eighties in some areas in India like Periyar, there was an increasing number of Tuskless elephants.

Recently, the percentage of African elephants that do not develop tusks has been steadily increasing in many regions, suggesting that some varieties of the African elephant are losing the tusk as an evolutionary mechanism against Poaching. (Christina Larson)

Harvesting of wild populations can cause the evolution of morphological, behav-ioral, and life history traits that may compromise natural or sexual selection. Despite the vulnerability of large mammals to rapid population decline from harvesting, the evolutionary effects of harvesting on mega-fauna have received limited attention. In elephants, illegal Ivory harvesting disproportionately affects older age classes and males because they carry large tusks, but its' effects on tusk size for age or tusk size for stature are less understood. (Dave Kim)

Internal relevant links on website www.elephant.se

Tusks mentioned in The Elephant Database

3 articles about countries in the elephant database match the word Tusks.

17 locations holdings in the elephant database match the word Tusks.

Circus Carl Hagenbeck-Stellingen, circus in Hamburg
Circus Kludsky, circus in Jirkov
Forepaugh-Sells Show, circus in
Gorongosa National Park, wild in Beira
Great Royal Circus (Madhuskar’s Royal Circus), circus in Thane
Haag Circus, circus in Marianna, Florida
Hannover Zoo, zoo in Hannover
John Robinson Circus, circus in Terrace Park
Lowry Park Zoo, zoo in Tampa, Florida
Manis Mastodon site, excavation site in
Marsabit National Reserve, wild in Marsabit, Eastern Province
Museo Civico di Zoologia, museum in Roma
Russian State Darwin Museum, museum in
Sequim Museum & Arts, museum in Sequim, Washington,
Sonepur Fair, dealer in Orissa
Vrijburgh royal menagerie, zoo in Recife
Wallace and Co Circus, circus in Peru, Indiana

108 elephants in the elephant database match the word Tusks

LA-M Ahmed born 1919 arrived 1919-00-00 at Marsabit National Reserve in Kenya
EM-M Albert born 1888 arrived 1919-00-00 at Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in United States, from Ringling Bros. Circus, in United States.
LA-M Ali born arrived 1875-07-00 at Budapest Zoo in Hungary, from Port of Trieste, in Italy.
LA-F Alyce born 1950? arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
LA-F Alyce born 1950? arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
LA-F Amy born 1952? arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
LA-F Amy born arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
LA-F Anastasia born arrived at Samburu National Reserve in Kenya
EM-M Atork born arrived at Putang village elephant camp in Cambodia
LC-M Babar born 1956 arrived 1960-00-00 at Sri Lanka National Zoological Gardens (Dehiwela Zoo) in Sri Lanka, from International Fertilizer and Chemical Company (Fred Zeehandelaar), in United States.
EM-M Bac Kham born 1961 arrived at Y Bo Ksor in Vietnam
EM-M Bac Plang born 1979 arrived 2005-00-00 at Y Lit Ksor in Vietnam, from Dak Nong province unspecified camp, in Vietnam.
EM-M Bak Mai born arrived 2016-12-00 at Airavata Elephant Foundation in Cambodia, from Poulong elephant village, in Cambodia.
EM-M Bhogeshwara born 1962? arrived at Bandipur National Park in India
EM-F Blairs elephant born arrived 1683-00-00 at Abraham Sever in Netherlands, from Jean Baptista Jansen, in Belgium.
EM-F Bobby born 1965? arrived at Amer Fort elephant village in India, from Rafeek Khan, in India.
EM-M Boonkong born arrived at FAE Elephant Hospital in Thailand
EM-M Bosco born arrived at Unknown in Unknown, from Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Neue Pferdemarkt), in Germany.
EM-M Boy born 1910 arrived 1929-00-00 at Munich Zoo in Germany, from Circus Carl Hagenbeck-Stellingen, in Germany.
EM-M Bunta born 1989 arrived 2016-01-00 at Serbajadi Conservation Response Unit (CRU) in Indonesia, from Aceh unspecified location, in Indonesia.
EM-M Chao Phraya Prab Trayworayak born arrived at Jessadabodindra, king Rama III of Thailand in Thailand
LC-M Congo born 1936 arrived 1936-00-00 at Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in United States, from New York Harbour, in United States.
LA-M David Sjölanders elephant born arrived at Huila Province in Angola
LA-F Duchess born 1970 arrived 1977-04-04 at Paignton Zoo Environmental Park in United Kingdom, from Longleat Safari Park, in United Kingdom.
EM-M Dwiki born arrived 2022-12-18 at Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp in Indonesia, from Barumun Nagari wildlife sanctuary, in Indonesia.
LA-F Echo (wild) born 1945? arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
LA-F Ellie born 1982 arrived 2003-04-18 at Lowry Park Zoo in United States, from Knoxville Zoo, in United States.
EM-M Gautam born 1988 arrived at Thungru Kohora elephant camp (Kaziranga) in India
EM-M Gemunu born 1991 arrived at Yala Ruhunu National Park in Sri Lanka
EM-M Grand born 1995-07-08 arrived 2014-06-12 at Tbilisi Zoo in Georgia, from Yerevan Zoo , in Armenia.
EM-M Harry born 1890 arrived 1905-06-08 at Berlin Zoo in Germany, from Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen), in Germany.
EM-M Hope (Yod Doi) born 2000-08-00 arrived at Elephant Nature Park (ENP) in Thailand, from Elephant Heaven Nature Park (Sangduen Chailert), in Thailand.
LA-M Isilo (wild) born arrived at Tembe Elephant Park in South Africa
EM-M Jana Raja born arrived at Kandy Sri Dalada Maligawa Temple of the Tooth in Sri Lanka, from Sri Lanka unspecified location, in Sri Lanka.
LA-F Jezebel (wild) born ~1935 arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
EM-M Joyraj born <1944 arrived at Bagori elephant camp (Kaziranga) in India, from Thungru Kohora elephant camp (Kaziranga), in India.
LA-M Julian born ~1970 arrived at Tsavo National Park in Kenya
EM-M Kammuen born 1997 arrived at Unknown in Unknown, from FAE Elephant Hospital, in Thailand.
EM-M Kandula born 2001-11-25 arrived 2015-10-00 at Oklahoma City Zoo in United States, from Smithsonian National Zoological Park, in United States.
EM-M Kataragama Vasana born 1970 arrived 1978-00-00 at Kataragama Kiri Vehera Dewalaya in Sri Lanka, from Sri Lanka National Zoological Gardens (Dehiwela Zoo), in Sri Lanka.
LA-M Kenani (wild) born arrived at Tsavo National Park in Kenya
LA-M Khartoum born 1903 arrived 1907-06-25 at Bronx Zoo in United States, from Firma Carl Hagenbeck, in Germany.
EM-M Kuttisankaran born 1962 arrived 1969-00-00 at Guruvayur Devaswom elephant camp in India, from Kuttisankaran Nair, in India.
EM-M Major born arrived 1935-11-00 at Cole Brothers Circus in United States, from William H. Woodcock, in United States.
LA-M Makadebona (wild) born arrived at Tembe Elephant Park in South Africa
EM-F Mary (Big Mary, Murderous Mary) born 1886 arrived 1898-00-00 at Sparks Circus in United States
LA-F Matjeka born 1991 arrived 2003-08-21 at Lowry Park Zoo in United States, from Mkhaya Game Reserve, in Swaziland.
LA-F Mbali born 1989 arrived 2003-08-21 at Lowry Park Zoo in United States, from Mkhaya Game Reserve, in Swaziland.
MA- Moorland Mastodon born arrived at Moorland swamp in United States, from North America unspecified forest, in United States.
LA-M Msholo born 1989 arrived 2019-07-24 at Atlanta Zoo in United States, from San Diego Zoo Safari Park, in United States.
EM-M Nauke born <1906 arrived 1916-03-00 at Circus Carl Hagenbeck-Stellingen in Germany, from Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen), in Germany.
EM-M Nauke born arrived 2022-12-20 at Leipzig Zoo in Germany
EM-M Nawam Raja (Dhala Puttawa) born 1954 arrived at Gangaramaya Temple in Sri Lanka, from Jayachamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur, in India.
LA-M Nkoitoi born 1973? arrived at Masai Mara in Kenya, from Africa unspecified location, in Africa unspecified country.
EM-M Noi born arrived 2013-04-00 at Surin unspecified Elephant Camp in Thailand, from Na Jomtien Elephant Camp, in Thailand.
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
LA- noname (wild) born arrived at Caprivi Strip in Namibia
EM-M noname (wild) born arrived at Yok Don National Park in Vietnam
EM-M Old John born arrived 1919-00-00 at Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in United States, from Ringling Bros. Circus, in United States.
EM-M Pa-Lor-Aa (Riang Ngun) born 1977 arrived at Anantara Golden Triangles Elephant Camp in Thailand, from Surin unspecified Elephant Camp, in Thailand.
EM-F Pavan Mala born 1972? arrived at Amer Fort elephant village in India
EM-M Pha Tulu born arrived at Tak Province unspecified location in Thailand
LA-M Pilane born 1963? arrived 1998-00-00 at Pilanesberg National Park in South Africa, from Kruger National Park, in South Africa.
EM-M Pilate (Pilot) born arrived 1895-00-00 at Great Wallace Brothers in United States, from Cook and Whitby Shows (Ben Wallace), in United States.
EM-M Plai Klao born arrived at Ayutthaya Royal Elephant Kraal in Thailand
EM-M Pom Pam born arrived at Khao Lak Elephant Home in Thailand
LC-F Pouquois (Puqua) born 1936 arrived 1936-00-00 at Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in United States, from New York Harbour, in United States.
EM-M Rajah born 1938 arrived at Millangoda elephant camp in Sri Lanka
EM-M Rashit born 1978? arrived at Amer Fort elephant village in India, from Husna Bano, in India.
EM-M Rio (Ryo) born arrived 1919-00-00 at Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in United States, from Ringling Bros. Circus, in United States.
EM-M Sammy born 1908 arrived 1933-07-10 at Belle Isle Nature Zoo (Safariland, Detroit Zoo) in United States, from Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, in United States.
EM-M Santhosh born 1975-05-15 arrived 1975-05-15 at Theppakadu Mudumalai Forest Camp (MFC) in India
LA-M Sarara born 1990 arrived at Samburu National Reserve in Kenya
EM-F Shanthi born 1976 arrived 1992-11-12 at Smithsonian National Zoological Park in United States, from Syracuse Zoo (Rosamond Gifford Zoo), in United States.
LA-F Sophi born 1968 arrived 1989-09-15 at Indianapolis Zoo in United States, from African Lion Safari (Ontario), in Canada.
LA-F Sudan born 1936 arrived 1936-00-00 at Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in United States, from Al G Barnes-Sells Floto Circus, in United States.
LA-M Tembe (wild) born ~1984 arrived 2019-09-07 at Addo Elephant National Park in South Africa, from Tembe Elephant Park, in South Africa.
LA-F Teryl (wild) born 1995-01-00 arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
EM-M Thiruvambadi Valiya Chandrasekharan born 1935? arrived at Thiruvambadi Devaswom temple in India, from Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma of Travancore, in India.
EM-M Thong Kham born 1994 arrived 2008-00-00 at Yok Don National Park elephant camp in Vietnam, from Vietnam Circus Federation, in Vietnam.
EM-M Thong Ngan born 1994 arrived at Yok Don National Park elephant camp in Vietnam, from Yok Don National Park, in Vietnam.
EM-M Tippoo Sultan born 1806 arrived 1837-00-00 at Purdy, Welch & Co in United States, from The Zoological Institute, in United States.
LA-F Tombi born 1976 arrived 1989-06-12 at Indianapolis Zoo in United States, from Potter Park Zoo, in United States.
LA-F Tonie born 1967? arrived at Amboseli National Park in Kenya
EM-M Toung Taloung born arrived 1885-00-00 at P. T. Barnum in United States, from Barnum and London Circus, in United States.
EM-M Tusko born 1971 arrived 2005-06-20 at Portland Zoo (Metro Washington Park Zoo) in United States, from Have Trunk Will Travel (Gary and Kari Johnson), in United States.
EM-M Tusko (Ned) born 1890 arrived 1932-10-08 at Seattle Zoo (Woodland Park Zoo) in United States, from George ”Slim” Lewis, in United States.
LC-F unknown born 1936 arrived 1936-00-00 at Howard Y. Bary in United States, from Gangala-na-Bodio Elephant Domestication Center, in Congo.
LC-F unknown born 1936 arrived 1936-00-00 at Howard Y. Bary in United States, from Gangala-na-Bodio Elephant Domestication Center, in Congo.
EM-M unknown born arrived at Surin unspecified Elephant Camp in Thailand
LC-unknown unknown born arrived at Vrijburgh royal menagerie in Brazil, from John Maurice of Orange, in Netherlands.
LP-M Victor born arrived at King Pyrrhus of Epirus in Greece, from Ptolemy II Philadelphus, in Egypt.

Reference list Koehl, Dan, (2023). Tusks. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=41. (archived at the Wayback machine)

Sources used for this article is among others:

Christina Larson. Why no tusks? Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution. Oct. 21, 2021. PhysOrg. https://phys.org/news/2021-10-tusks-poaching-scales-elephant-evolution.html. Accessed on October 21, 2021 ** Dave Kim, Illegal tusk harvest and the decline of tusk size in the African elephant, https://www.academia.edu/33750442/Illegal_tusk_harvest_and_the_decline_of_tusk_size_in_the_African_elephant?email_work_card=abstract-read-more

Selected publications

Links about Tusks

Selected external links for this article about Tusks:

Matthias Seewald, Christine Gohl, Monika Egerbacher, Stephan Handschuh, Kirsti Witter; Endodontic Treatment of a Traumatic Tusk Fracture With Exposed Pulp in an Asian Elephant ( Elephas maximus), online at https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34873958/
Dave Kim, Illegal tusk harvest and the decline of tusk size in the African elephant, https://www.academia.edu/33750442/Illegal_tusk_harvest_and_the_decline_of_tusk_size_in_the_African_elephant?email_work_card=abstract-read-more

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