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♂
Unnamed
born 2023-03-02 at
Omahas Henry Doorly Zoo
♂
Yaqi
died 2023-03-18 at
Jinan Zoo (Gold Cow Park)
♂
Bogor
relocated 2023-03-11 to
Estepona Selwo safari park
Sources
EEGs first documentation; Elefanten am Zoo und Circus
Relevant Literature about Sources
Contributors
Large parts of data globally during the last 10 years has been collected by organizations and discussion groups and a number of contributors, who generously shared with me data of elephants in private correspondence. Among them is Peter Stolk, Gerjan Siet from Netherlands and Robert Cline and Ryan Easley from U.S.A. William Buckles Woodcocks Circus Blog has been a great inspiration, and Buckles helped me when I had questions. Buckles Blog is a very important historical documentation of Circus elephants in Noerth America.
Cited sources
Europe
A major part concerning elephants in Europe and North america has been sourced from and inspired by The European Elephant Group (EEG), and their publication Elephants in Zoo and Circus, written by Dr Fred Kurt, Alexander Haufellner, Jürgen Schilfarth, Georg Schweiger from Germany, and John Edwards from United Kingdom. Lately Tobias Dornbush has also shared information.
Asian Elephant Studbook, Europe Regional (EEP) was compiled by Rob Belterman, Ton Dorresteyn and Martin van Wees from Netherlands, as well as the African Elephant Studbook - AZA Elephant TAG/SSP by Amelia Terkel, Israel.
The numerous people behind the Elephant Wiki at elefanten.wikia.com, members of the German Tiergarten-Forum, Gerald Postmas website on Dutch elephants, Jonas Livet from France managing the database asianelephant.net and photographer Petra Prager from Germany, who manage zooelefanten.de has been important sources of records in Europe, and have all provided a friendly cooperation. A comprehensive list of elephants from 1878 in Denmark has been compiled by a man who I only know by his sir name Henning, in Denmark, which has also been valuable, as well as late elephant keeper Gerd Kohl, Stephanie Wroben, Daniela Dunger and Heike Klabunde, all five from Germany, while Raffael de Ritis has helped with elephants from Italy, and Christian Hamel from From France. Jim Clubb and Jim Stockley has also helped with insight in elephant on circus in UK, and captive elephants in South Africa. Tobias Dornbusch from EEG, and elephant fan Jan Jacobi, both in Germany, has sometimes provided info and corrections on certain records.
Lately, Circus Knie in Switzerland publisged a book in German, with translated title "100 years of elephants at Circus Knie".
North America
A very large part from EEGs sources regarding circus elephants in North America are from the extremely impressing work done by a number of circus historians like Richard Reynolds, elephant trainer William "Buckles" Woodcock and Bob Cline, who also wrote the book "Americas Elephants".
Large parts of the database listings of North American elephants has been updated with generous help from The Elephant Managers historian, tiger trainer Ryan Esley, while elephants from North American Zoos has largely been sourced from the North American Studbook for Asian elephants (SSP) by Mike Keele as well as African Elephant Studbook - AZA Elephant TAG/SSP by Deborah Olsen.
Thailand
For Asia in general, especially Thailand, Richard C. Lair and colleges did fairly early an impressing work of compiling records, under difficult and primitive conditions, which even today stick out as very concise documentations and meant a lot for me in order to start taking the first trembling steps to list elephants from range countries. Richard Lair also wrote the book "Gone Astray: The Care and Management of the Asian Elephant in Domesticity".
Former head for Elephant Kingdom in Surin, Wanchai Tunwattana gave me access to the record keeping of elephants in Baan Ta Klang in Surin, Thailand, where I have spent weeks filing the apr 400 elephants around Surin.
Indonesia
Regarding captive elephants in Indonesia, I the documentation from Way Kambas by Joanne Reilly, has been very useful.
Africa
Most elephants from East Africa were documented through Cynthia Moss and the Amboseli Research Foundation, as well as The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust. Cynthia Moss has published a number of books, including "Elephant Memories: Thirteen Years in the Life of an Elephant Family" and "The Amboseli Elephants: A Long-Term Perspective on a Long-Lived Mammal
The Amboseli Elephants: A Long-Term Perspective on a Long-Lived Mammal".
Australia
From Australia and most of the information from Australasian Region was sourced from the Asian Elephant Studbook by David Pepper-Edwards and research on circus elephants by
Elizabeth Clark.
Japan
Elephants from Japan have in parts been sourced from the Studbooks made by the Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums by Yukio Kawaguchi.
Cambodia
A number of elephants in Cambodia has been updated by assistance from by Jack Highwood and records from Flora and Fauna Foundation.
Vietnam
Elephant survey in Vietnam has been compiled by Cao Thi Ly, and my local research when visiting Buon Don in Dak Lak, Vietnam.
Sri Lanka
Jayantha Jayewardene has contributed regarding elephants in Sri Lanka.
India
Upon initiative from Surendra Varma and others, databases has been compiled over captive elephants from Andamans, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and other states in India.
Pathology and diseases
Gary S. Hayward, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. has been generously sharing specific information about elephant herpes EEHV cases.
And many others...
Apart from the named persons and institutions, a number of helpful and people from all over the world has joined me in my efforts and generously shared information over longer periods, as well as all those who has written about historical elephants and their history which would otherwise had been difficult to reconstruct, for which I am most greatful.
Internal relevant links on website www.elephant.se
Sources mentioned in The Elephant Database
7 articles about countries in the elephant database match the word
Sources
.
Cambodia
India
Nepal
Thailand
United Kingdom
United States
Vietnam
14 locations holdings in the elephant database match the word
Sources
.
At Hill Adventures
, camp in Chalong
Burma Forest Department
, camp in
Carl Hagenbecks Tierpark (Stellingen)
, zoo in Hamburg
Dubai Safari Park
, zoo in Dubai
Hannibal Barca
, private in
Horowpothana Elephant Holding Ground (HEHG)
, sanctuary in Horowpathana National Park
Maidstone Zoo (Sir Garrard Tyrwhitt-Drake)
, zoo in Maidstone
Mount Cameroon National Park
, wild in Mt. Cameroon
North Carolina Zoo
, zoo in Asheboro, North Carolina
Ridi Vihara (Silver temple)
, temple in Kandy
Ringling Bros. Circus
, circus in Baraboo
Sauraha elephant breeding centre
, camp in Bharatpur
Siam Safari Chalong
, camp in Chalong, Phuket
Sri Lanka National Zoological Gardens (Dehiwela Zoo)
, zoo in Dehiwala, Colombo
82 elephants in the elephant database match the word Sources
LA-F
Amelia
born 1968? arrived 1968-00-00 at
Amboseli National Park
in
Kenya
LA-F
Amelia
born 1968? arrived at
Amboseli National Park
in
Kenya
EM-F
Anarkali
born 1961? arrived at
Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park
in
India
, from
Palamau elephant camp
, in
India
.
EM-M
Andal
born arrived 2019-12-00 at
Top Slip Kozhikkamuthy Elephant camp (Annaimalai)
in
India
, from
Kurumbapatti Zoological Park
, in
India
.
EM-M
Baby
born 1932 arrived 1954-09-05 at
Kiev Zoo
in
Ukraine
, from
Leningrad Zoo (St. Petersburg Zoo)
, in
Russia
.
EM-F
Bhavani
born 2013-07-00 arrived 2013-10-02 at
Kottoor elephant rehabilitation centre (ERC)
in
India
EM-M
Bhogeshwara
born 1962? arrived at
Bandipur National Park
in
India
EM-F
Boni
born 2021-02-01 arrived 2021-02-01 at
Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU)
in
Indonesia
LA-M
Buby (Bubi)
born arrived 1920-00-00 at
Circus Kludsky
in
Czech Republic
, from
Firma Ruhe
, in
Germany
.
EM-M
Bunta
born 1989 arrived 2016-01-00 at
Serbajadi Conservation Response Unit (CRU)
in
Indonesia
, from
Aceh unspecified location
, in
Indonesia
.
EM-F
Cek Mek (Chek Mek)
born arrived at
Kuala Gandah Elephant Conservation Education Centre
in
Malaysia
EM-M
Chinnathambi
born arrived 2019-02-00 at
Varagaliar elephant camp
in
India
, from
Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR)
, in
India
.
EM-M
Chocky
born arrived at
Phnom Tamao Zoo and Wildlife Rescue Center (PTWRC)
in
Cambodia
, from
Mondulkiri province unspecified location
, in
Cambodia
.
LA-F
Coco
born ~1977 arrived 2008-07-13 at
The elephant camp (Wild Horizons)
in
Zimbabwe
, from
Wild Horizons Elephant Camp
, in
Zimbabwe
.
EM-F
Dixie
born 1917 arrived 1932-01-18 at
Whipsnade Wild Animal Park
in
United Kingdom
, from
Bostock & Wombwells Menagerie (Wombwell No.2 menagerie)
, in
United Kingdom
.
EM-M
Don Pedro
born arrived 1897-00-00 at
Barnum and Baileys circus European tour
in
United States
, from
O'Brien Circus
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Dora
born 1902 arrived 1910-05-25 at
Poznan Zoo
in
Poland
, from
Cologne Zoo (Köln Zoo)
, in
Germany
.
EM-F
Drumbo (Mary)
born 1970-00-00 arrived 1987-09-25 at
Berlin Zoo
in
Germany
, from
Bussolengo Safari Park (Garda Zoological Park)
, in
Italy
.
EM-M
Dundry (Jumbo?)
born arrived 1918-00-00 at
Sydney Zoo
in
Australia
, from
Wirth Circus
, in
Australia
.
EM-M
Dwiki
born arrived 2022-12-18 at
Aek Nauli Elephant Conservation Camp
in
Indonesia
, from
Barumun Nagari wildlife sanctuary
, in
Indonesia
.
EM-F
Fatima (Bamula)
born 1947 arrived 1972-01-29 at
Aalborg Zoo (Aalborg Zoologiske Have)
in
Denmark
, from
Torbjörn Aggenberg
, in
Sweden
.
EM-F
Ganga
born 1998 arrived at
Ramapura camp
in
India
, from
Ramapura camp
, in
India
.
EM-F
Ganga
born 2000 arrived 2003-00-00 at
Jumbo Circus
in
India
, from
Sonepur Fair
, in
India
.
EM-F
Ganga
born 1948 arrived 1957-00-00 at
Shri Kshetra Dharmasthala Manjunatha Swamy Temple
in
India
, from
Sakrebyle elephant camp
, in
India
.
EM-F
Gom Phoy
born 1961 arrived 2019-12-00 at
Kulen Elephant Forest
in
Cambodia
, from
Angkor Wat elephants
, in
Cambodia
.
EM-F
Gyp (Gypsy, Empress?)
born arrived 1907-00-00 at
Great J. E. Henry Show
in
United States
, from
Cook and Barrett (Cook Bros)
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Hannolore
born 1938-09-05 arrived 1943-00-00 at
Firma Ruhe
in
Germany
, from
Hannover Zoo
, in
Germany
.
EM-F
Homaline
born 1995-10-26 arrived 2006-10-23 at
Pont-Scorff Zoo
in
France
, from
La Palmyre Zoo
, in
France
.
EM-F
Ida
born 1970 arrived 1971-07-03 at
Copenhagen Zoo
in
Denmark
, from
Mysore Zoo
, in
India
.
EM-unknown
Ira
born 2007 arrived 2007-00-00 at
Sidhi elephant camp (Sanjay National Park)
in
India
EM-F
Jennie
born 1902 arrived 1942-11-13 at
Franklin Park Zoo
in
United States
, from
Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Jenny II
born 1911 arrived 1939-00-00 at
Firma Ruhe
in
Germany
, from
Berlin Zoo
, in
Germany
.
EM-M
Joyraj
born <1944 arrived at
Bagori elephant camp (Kaziranga)
in
India
, from
Thungru Kohora elephant camp (Kaziranga)
, in
India
.
EM-M
Julius
born 1912-04-06 arrived 1912-04-06 at
Copenhagen Zoo
in
Denmark
EM-M
Kaeo (Phra Savet Adulyadej Phahnon)
born 1951 arrived 2004-03-00 at
Klai Kangwon Palace
in
Thailand
, from
Chitrlada Palace Royal Elephant Stable (Chang Ton Museum Dusit)
, in
Thailand
.
EM-F
Kantha (Kanthi)
born 1949 arrived at
Ramapura camp
in
India
, from
K Gudi Wilderness Camp (Kyathadevara Gudi)
, in
India
.
EM-M
Karthik
born 2014? arrived 2014-00-00 at
Dubare elephant camp (Aanekaadu)
in
India
EM-M
Kaspar
born 1907-12-09 arrived 1922-10-00 at
Jardin d´Acclimatation
in
France
, from
Hannover Zoo
, in
Germany
.
EM-M
Krishna
born arrived 1990-00-00 at
Bondla zoo
in
India
EM-F
Lakshmi
born ~2010 arrived 2012-00-00 at
Konni Elephant Kraal Reserve
in
India
LA-F
Landa
born 1984? arrived 1986-04-28 at
Pretoria Zoo
in
South Africa
, from
Brian Boswells Circus
, in
South Africa
.
EM-unknown
Lia
born ~1991 arrived at
Serbajadi Conservation Response Unit (CRU)
in
Indonesia
EM-M
Lilik
born ~1991 arrived at
Serbajadi Conservation Response Unit (CRU)
in
Indonesia
EM-F
Lisa
born 1977 arrived 2004-04-26 at
Tesso Nilo WWF-BKSDA Flying Squad camp
in
Indonesia
, from
Minas Elephant Training Center
, in
Indonesia
.
EM-M
Maligawa Raja
born ~1913 arrived 1937-07-31 at
Kandy Sri Dalada Maligawa Temple of the Tooth
in
Sri Lanka
, from
Tikiri Bandara Mampitiya
, in
Sri Lanka
.
EM-F
Manuela (Manula)
born arrived 1950-00-00 at
Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus
in
United States
, from
Circus Schreiber
, in
Sweden
.
LA-F
Marcia (wild)
born 1960? arrived at
Amboseli National Park
in
Kenya
EM-F
Mary Ann
born arrived 1904-11-27 at
Adelaide Zoo
in
Australia
EM-F
Masini
born ~2007 arrived 2018-07-00 at
Thanjavur Veterinary College and Research Institute
in
India
, from
Samayapuram Sri Mariamman Temple
, in
India
.
EM-F
Mek Bunga
born arrived at
Kuala Gandah Elephant Conservation Education Centre
in
Malaysia
EM-F
Menaka
born 1989 arrived 2017-00-00 at
Camp King Elephant camp (Rajaji National Park)
in
India
, from
Bannerghatta Biological Park Zoo
, in
India
.
EM-F
Minyak
born 1932-01-29 arrived 1964-00-00 at
Carson and Barnes Circus
in
United States
, from
Hoxie Brothers Circus
, in
United States
.
EM-F
Miss Siam
born 1881 arrived 1884-01-01 at
Adelaide Zoo
in
Australia
, from
Melbourne Zoo
, in
Australia
.
LA-M
Motty
born 1978-07-11 arrived 1978-07-11 at
Chester Zoo
in
United Kingdom
EM-F
Ngatini
born ~2000-00-00 arrived 2017-03-00 at
Buluh Cina ecopark
in
Indonesia
, from
Minas Elephant Training Center
, in
Indonesia
.
EM-M
Nikolai
born 1993-05-02 arrived 2021-07-02 at
Munster Zoo
in
Germany
, from
Amsterdam Artis Zoo
, in
Netherlands
.
EM-unknown
noname (wild, dead)
born arrived at
Rajaji National Park
in
India
EM-F
noname (wild)
born arrived 2020-04-00 at
Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT)
in
India
, from
Athagarh Forest Division
, in
India
.
EM-F
Nonik
born ~1987 arrived at
Serbajadi Conservation Response Unit (CRU)
in
Indonesia
EM-M
Paichit
born 2017 arrived 2017-03-00 at
Saree Elephant Training Center (PLG-Saree)
in
Indonesia
EM-F
Pearl
born 1988-12-07 arrived 1991-04-25 at
Lincoln Park Zoo
in
United States
, from
Houston Zoo
, in
United States
.
LA-M
Pluto
born arrived 1886-00-00 at
Circus Krone
in
Germany
EM-M
Polakulam Vishnu Narayanan
born 1990? arrived at
P. K. Narayanan
in
India
EM-F
Puan Pandan Wangi
born ~2017 arrived 2019-12-00 at
Minas Elephant Training Center
in
Indonesia
, from
Taman Negara National Park
, in
Malaysia
.
LA-F
Pumbi
born 1985? arrived 1987-04-28 at
Pretoria Zoo
in
South Africa
, from
Kruger National Park
, in
South Africa
.
EM-M
Robin
born ~2000-00-00 arrived 2017-03-00 at
Buluh Cina ecopark
in
Indonesia
, from
Minas Elephant Training Center
, in
Indonesia
.
EM-F
Saifon (Tong Yip?)
born 2012-02-28 arrived 2012-02-28 at
Kinnaree House elephant camp
in
Thailand
, from
Sommai Salangam
, in
Thailand
.
EM-F
Sambo (Sam Bo, Sombo)
born 1960 arrived 2014-12-00 at
Elephant Valley Project Cambodia
in
Cambodia
, from
Sin Sorn
, in
Cambodia
.
LA-M
Slit Trunk
born 1959? arrived at
Amboseli National Park
in
Kenya
EM-M
Somchok (Johnny)
born 2010 arrived 2012-11-29 at
Phu Thai Review Souvenir Market
in
Thailand
, from
Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC)
, in
Thailand
.
EM-F
stillborn
born 2005-02 arrived 2005-02-00 at
Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Center for Elephant Conservation
in
United States
EM-
The Cremona elephant
born arrived 1229-00-00 at
Frederick II of Holy German empire
in
Italy
, from
Al-Kamil of Egypt
, in
Egypt
.
EM-M
Tippoo Sahib
born arrived 1848-00-00 at
Van Amburg Circus
in
United States
, from
Unknown
, in
Unknown
.
EM-F
unknown
born 1988 arrived at
Bandhavgarh elephant camp
in
India
EM-F
unknown
born arrived 2012-00-00 at
Thai Elephant Conservation Center (TECC)
in
Thailand
, from
Saiyok Elephant Camp
, in
Thailand
.
EM-
unknown
born arrived at
India unspecified location
in
India
, from
Kottoor elephant rehabilitation centre (ERC)
, in
India
.
EM-M
unnamed (wild)
born arrived 2016-07-05 at
Theppakadu Mudumalai Forest Camp (MFC)
in
India
EM-F
Valli
born arrived at
Ilanji Kumarasamy Temple
in
India
EM-M
Wastl
born 1932-05-08 arrived 1939-03-21 at
Berlin Zoo
in
Germany
, from
Munich Zoo
, in
Germany
.
LA-F
Yoki
born 1990-02-25 arrived 2006-07-17 at
Sosto Zoo
in
Hungary
, from
Ramat Gan Zoo
, in
Israel
.
EM-M
Yuma (Yoma)
born 2005-05-08 arrived 2009-09-05 at
Rostov Zoo
in
Russia
, from
Tierpark Berlin
, in
Germany
.
LA-F
Zip
born arrived 1890-00-00 at
Ringling Bros. Circus
in
United States
, from
Shelbys Circus (Dan Shelby)
, in
United States
.
Reference list
Koehl, Dan, (2023).
Sources
. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at
https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=5
. (
archived
at the
Wayback machine
)
Sources used for this article is among others:
EEGs first documentation; Elefanten am Zoo und Circus
Selected publications
Haufellner, Alexander; Kurt, Fred; Schilfarth, Jürgen; Schweiger, Georg; Elefanten in Zoo und Circus, (EEG)
Links about Sources
Selected external links
for this article
about Sources:
Woodcock, William; Buckles Blog. Discussion of Circus History all over the world online at
http://bucklesw.blogspot.com/
Livet, Jonas; elephant database online at
https://www.asianelephant.net
Prager, Petra; elephant database online at
https://elefanten-fotolexikon.eu/?lang=EN
External relevant links
Search more on the web for elephant+%22Sources%22 (Opens in new window and the word elephant+%22Sources%22 is already submitted into the link, just click on the link for relevant results)
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