Edward Cross

From the list of elephant persons Family: Cross

Edward Cross
Profession zoo director
Personal details
Born 1774
Dead 1854-09-26 Kennington in United Kingdom

Spouse(s) Mary Cross

Country United Kingdom

Locations
Title owner 1830-1844
Location at Surrey Zoological Gardens in United Kingdom

Title owner 1820
Location at The Original Menagerie in United Kingdom

Title owner 1814-1829
Location at Exeter Exchange menagerie in United Kingdom

Title assistant director-1814
Location at Exeter Exchange menagerie in United Kingdom

Biography details

Edward Cross , zoo director in United Kingdom

Born 1774 dead 1854-09-26 in United Kingdom , son of Walter Cross and wife Jane Callow .

Edward Cross (baptised 3 February 1774 – 26 September 1854) was an English zoo proprietor and dealer in animals.

Cross was born in London and baptised at St Andrew's, Holborn, presumably within days of his birth. Apart from the names of his parents, Walter Cross and Jane (née Callow), his early life remains obscure.

Cross worked for Stephen Polito, the owner of the menagerie at Exeter Exchange in the Strand. Cross's daughter married Polito's brother, and Cross bought the menagerie after Polito's death in 1814. The menagerie had been operated at that site from 1773 in competition with the Royal Menagerie at the Tower of London with lions, tigers, monkeys, and other exotic Species, all confined in iron cages in small rooms. The menagerie was primarily a visitor attraction open to the general public. It was visited by Wordsworth and Byron - who records watching the "tigers sup", being amused by a hyena's affection for its keeper, and the tricks played by an elephant with its Trunk. [1] Animals in the collection were painted by Edwin Landseer and Jacques-Laurent Agasse. It was also visited by scientists such as Joshua Brookes and J. E. Gray. Gray named the Rhinoceros crossii in his honour (now as a synonym for the Sumatran Rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis).[2]


Engraving of Exeter Exchange from 1829, viewed from the east, looking west down the Strand.
Cross renamed the collection the Royal Grand National Menagerie, and employed a doorkeeper who was dressed as a Yeoman of the Guard. The living conditions for the animals were so poor that negative comments were made even in the early 19th century. The situation became untenable after his bad-tempered elephant, Chunee, was put down by a firing squad of soldiers from Somerset House in March 1826. Cross attempted to sell the collection to the new Zoological Society of London in 1826 and 1828, but the offer was refused on both occasions.

The Exeter Exchange was demolished in 1829, as part of general improvements to the Strand, and Cross moved the menagerie to the King's Mews near Trafalgar Square (now the site of the National Gallery). Some of the animals were sold to the new London Zoo in Regent's Park. In 1831, he sold the remaining animals to the Surrey Literary, Scientific and Zoological Institution - an institution that he had founded - for £3,500. Cross became superintendent of the new Surrey Zoological Gardens, and the animals were moved to Royal Surrey Gardens, in the grounds of Walworth Manor House in Kennington. Many of the exotic animals were housed in a large circular domed glass conservatory, 300 Feet (90 m) in circumference with more than 6,000 square Feet (600 m2) of glass. The collection expanded in the following years to include lions, tigers, an Indian rhinoceros, an orang-utan, and several giraffes.

Cross retired in 1844, and he died in Kennington in 1854. His wife, Mary, predeceased him.

The zoo became run down after Cross retired, and the animals were sold off in 1856, to be replaced by Surrey Music Hall.

Siblings

Siblings through the father Walter Cross ( -- ):

  1. Elizabeth Cross Born ?
  2. Anne Cross Born ? Dead: † ?

Edward Cross s ancestral Ahnentafel:

P I II III

Edward Cross
Born: 1774

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Walter Cross

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Mother:
Jane Callow

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Reference list

References

Koehl, Dan, (2024). director Edward Cross in United Kingdom. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 16 October 2024 at https://www.elephant.se/person.php?id=1056. (archived at the Wayback machine)

Sources used for this article is among others:


Selected publications

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Categories director | zoo | Surrey Zoological Gardens | Cross family | Born 1774 | Dead 1854 | People from United Kingdom

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