Endometrium

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Definition of Endometrium

From the elephant glossary Section: elephant anatomy

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The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian Uterus. It has a basal layer and a functional layer: the basal layer contains stem cells which regenerate the functional layer. The functional layer thickens and then is shed during menstruation in humans and some other mammals, including apes, Old World monkeys, some Species of bat, the elephant shrew and the Cairo spiny mouse. In most other mammals, the endometrium is reabsorbed in the estrous cycle. During Pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number.

Each Pregnancy leaves permanent damage on the endometrium that is repaired by scar tissue so that the number of pregnancies can be determined during autopsy by counting these scars.

Anatomical, Physiological, Behavioral and Pathological Aspects of the Estrous Cycle in Elephants, by Robert Hermes

Reference list Koehl, Dan, (2024). Endometrium. Elephant Encyclopedia, available online retrieved 20 September 2021 at https://www.elephant.se/index.php?id=288. (archived at the Wayback machine)

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