Dry moats

Between 1938 and 2009 at least 29 elephants died, or was euthanised due to accidents related to dry moats in elephant facilities. Dry moats were common during the 20th century, to separate elephants from the public, as well as keeping the elephants confined, both indoor and outdoor. Dry moats should not be built anymore, but some older elephants facilities still use them. Old deep dry moats with hard bottom are very risky, and elephants can fall down, either when searching for food, or when they fight. If a dry moat is used it should have soft bottom, dropdown < 1,5 meters, width > 2,4 meters, and ramp or gate access to enclosure. (Biology, medicine, and surgery of elephants, by Murray E. Fowler, Susan K. Mikota)

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31 Deceased elephants due to falling into dry moats.

Name	Species Sex	Origin	Age	Birth	Death date	Death reason	Parents	Arrival Death location
+ -Ranny (Rani)-	EM F	wild	57	1952	2009-03-14	accident fell in dry moat surrounding exhibit	x	1958-07-30 Mexico City Zoo (Zoológico de Chapultepec)
+ -Zambi (Jambi)-	LA F	wild	44	1965	2009-03-09	disease infection from injury; arthritis, after falling in dry moat	x	1976-00-00 Mysore Zoo (Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens)
+ -Annabel (Tessa)-	EM F	wild	45	1964	2009-03-01	euthanised fell in dry moat	x	1966-05-20 Emmen Zoo
+ -Bambi-	EM F	wild	43	1962	2005-03-02	accident ? fell into the dry moat?	x	Tunis Belvedere Zoo
+ -Zimba II-	LA F	wild	10	1985	1995-09-22	accident fracture. fell inte dry moat?	x	1986-10-17 Duisburg Zoo
+ -Samorn-	EM F	wild	44	1950	1994-10-10	accident fell in the moat and died	x	1991-11-17 Monarto Zoological Park
+ -Bo Gyi-	EM M	captive-born	1	1992-06-01	1993-07-01	euthanised leg fracture after falling into dry moat	Nagathan (Naing Thein, Bully) x Yu Zin	1992-06-01 Emmen Zoo
+ -Carla-	LC F	wild	13	1978	1991-03-18	accident pushed in the dry moat by male Calimero	x	1981-11-04 Rome Zoo (Bioparco - Giardino Zoologico di Roma)
+ -Dombo-	EM F	wild	39	1951	1990-04-00	accident fell into the drymoat inside the stable	x	1955-00-00 Berlin-Friedrichsfelde Tierpark
+ -Tonga II-	LA F	wild	?		1989	accident fell into the dry moat	x	Nuremberg Zoo (Tiergarten Nürnberg)
+ -McClean-	LA F	wild	15	1971	1986-03-01	killed knocked into moat	x	1977-11-28 Los Angeles Zoo
+ -Gbaya (NGbaya)-	LC F	wild	27	1958	1985-08-19	accident pushed into dry moat	x	1961-09-11 Duisburg Zoo
+ -Sari-	EM F	wild	16	1967	1983-07-15	accident fell into the dry moat	x	1972-06-23 Magdeburg Zoo
+ -Toto-	LA F	wild	21	1959	1980	accident fell in the dry moat	x	1962-00-00 London Zoo
+ -Jumbolino (Bubbles)-	LA M	wild	17	1962	1979	euthanised fell into the moat	x	1964-08-00 Chester Zoo
+ -noname-	EM M	captive-born	0	1975-05-10	1975-12-02	accident fell in dry moat	Packy x Me-Tu	1975-05-10 Los Angeles Zoo
+ -Ziggy (Herman)-	EM M	wild	56	1919	1975-10-27	accident fell into dry moat	x	1936-07-28 Brookfield Zoo
+ -miscarriage-	EM M	captive-born	0	1974-10-28	1974-10-26	miscarriage mother fell into the moat	Nobby x Sheba	1974-10-26 Chester Zoo
+ -Vally (Valli)-	EM F	wild	24	1950	1974-09-01	accident fell into dry moat	x	1950-07-20 Whipsnade Wild Animal Park
+ -Mohan (Gyro, Gyro-Moe)-	EM M	captive-born	7	1960-05-12	1967-06-26	killed knocked into moat by elephant	x	1964-11-29 Calgary Zoo
+ -Dicksie-	LA F	wild	29	1938	1967	accident fell in the dry moat	x	1945-00-00 London Zoo
+ -Frank-	EM M	wild	11	1955	1966-09-15	accident suffocation after he fell in the drymoat in outside enclosure	x	1956-05-15 Aalborg Zoo (Aalborg Zoologiske Have)
+ -Lollo-	EM F	wild	16	1949	1965-10-30	accident fell in the dry moat	x	1962-05-22 Hannover Zoo
+ -Pepik (Joe)-	EM M	wild	9	1955	1964-01-00	accident fell in the dry moat	x	1956-10-06 Ostrava Zoo
+ -Olympia-	EM F	wild	34	1930	1964	accident broke the neck after being pushed into the drymoat	x	1963-00-00 Erfurt Zoo
+ -Cilly-	EM F	wild	36	1915-1920	1951-07-21	accident pushed into the dry moat	x	1942-04-19 Leipzig Zoo
+ -Nancy-	EM F	wild	31	1920	1951-01-19	accident hanged by her chain in the dry moat	x	1933-11-10 Brookfield Zoo
+ -Nellie-	EM F	unknown	?		1949-05-21	accident fell into the dry moat, broke her back	x	1948-08-16 Taronga Zoo
+ -Kalifa II-	EM F	captive-born	11	1928-09-20	1939	disease foot trauma. iron nails on moat wall	Harry x Toni II (Mary)	1928-09-20 Berlin Zoo
+ -Bill-	EM M	wild	9	1930	1939	euthanised shot, fell in the dry moat, fracture	x	1932-00-00 Prospect Park Zoo
+ -Hilda-	EM F	wild	8	1930	1938-09-08	euthanised shot; knocked into dry moat by Bill	x	Prospect Park Zoo